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In the very beginning of the first charging process, electrons migrate from the positive electrode material (oxidation) via an external conductor into the negative electrode material (reduction). are protective against further electrolyte decompositionĬontribute to cell safety – being inert to other materials, such as:.Support of the formation of effective interphases (e.g., solid electrolyte interphase, SEI or cathode electrolyte interphase, CEI) which: The electrolyte in this system contains additional Li +-ions to ensure rapid transport of the ionic charge within the cell.īesides ion conduction, the electrolyte fulfills other important purposes: The term discharge is used for the process in which the battery supplies electrical energy to an external load. In conventional lithium-ion batteries, Li +-ions are shuttled between the positive electrode (usually a layered transition metal oxide material) and a graphite-based negative electrode according to the “rocking chair” principle (cf. Lithium-ion batteries can be further divided into primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries, depending on whether or not they are rechargeable by applying an electric current. the negative (anode) and a positive electrode (cathode), in one or more electrically connected electrochemical cells. Lithium-ion batteries belong to the group of batteries that generate electrical energy by converting chemical energy via redox reactions on the active materials, i.e.